Nginx简单使用

简介

​ Nginx是高性能的轻量级WEB服务器，由于其提供HTTP代理和反向代理、负载均衡、缓存等一系列重要特性，从而广泛应用于当今的WEB服务之中。

下载

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wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz

安装

安装第三方库

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yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel
yum -y install pcre-devel

安装成功以后可以查看pcre版本： pcre-config —version

解压安装包

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tar zxvf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz

从configure脚本自动生成Makefile

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cd /root/nginx-1.14.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx

这里的 —prefix 选项是指定Nginx的安装路径，这里安装到路径：/usr/local/webserver/nginx

编译安装

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cd /root/nginx-1.14.0
make && make install

查看Nginx版本

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/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0

查看安装后的目录结构

总共有四个目录：conf、html、logs、sbin

启动Nginx

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/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

访问主机IP出现以下页面就说明成功了

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常用指令

测试nginx测试文件是否正确

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/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

指定配置文件启动

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/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

重启

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/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload            # 重新载入配置文件
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen          #重启 Nginx

停止

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/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop              # 停止 Nginx

配置文件nginx.conf

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// 全局配置
user  nobody  nobody;
worker_processes  3;
error_log  logs/error.log;
pid  logs/nginx.pid;

// events块配置
events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections  1024;
}

// http块配置
http {
    include  mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request” '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer” '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for”’;

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    sendfile  on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    // 虚拟主机1：基于域名codesheep.com
    server {
        listen       8088;
        server_name  codesheep;

        access_log  /codesheep/webserver/server1/log/access.log;
        error_page  404  /404.html;

        location /server1/location1 {
            root   /codesheep/webserver;
            index  index.server1-location1.htm;
        }

        location /server1/location2 {
            root   /codesheep/webserver;
            index  index.server1-location2.htm;
        }

    }

    // 虚拟主机2：基于IP地址：192.168.31.177
    server {
        listen       8089;
        server_name  192.168.31.177;

        access_log  /codesheep/webserver/server2/log/access.log;
        error_page  404  /404.html;

        location /server2/location1 {
            root   /codesheep/webserver;
            index  index.server2-location1.htm;
        }

        location /srv2/loc2 {
            alias   /codesheep/webserver/server2/location2/;
            index  index.server2-location2.htm;
        }

        location = /404.html {
            root /codesheep/webserver/;
            index 404.html;
        }
    }
}

很明显，在上述配置文件中配置了两个虚拟主机：一个 基于域名 、 一个基于IP地址

为了验证该配置的正确性，我们对照此配置，构建一个与其对应的静态站点，其目录结构如下：

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/codesheep/webserver
	404.html
	server1
		location1
			index.server1-location1.htm
		location2
			index.server1-location2.htm
	server2
		location1
			index.server2-location1.htm
		location2
			index.server2-location2.htm

现在可以启动Nginx服务器，并在浏览器中进行测试

测试站点的访问

通过域名访问Server1的Location1和Location2

成功说明配置文件中虚拟主机1配置生效！

域名可以通过本地DNS服务器来解析识别

再访问Server2的Location1和Location2

成功说明配置文件中虚拟主机2配置生效！